Samma v. Department of Defense -- Challenge to Trump Administration policy blocking non-citizens serving in the U.S. Armed Forces from becoming U.S. citizens

In April 2020, ACLU-DC, together with the National ACLU and the ACLU of Southern California, filed a class action lawsuit against the Department of Defense for denying non-citizens serving in the U.S. Armed Forces the expedited path to citizenship that such patriots have had since at least the Civil War.

The case was filed in federal court in the District of Columbia, on behalf of thousands of members of the U.S. Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force, arguing that a 2017 Trump administration policy violates Congress’ clear command that non-citizens who have served honorably in the U.S. military during a period of armed conflict may naturalize, regardless of their immigration status or length of residence in the United States.

“I took an oath to protect this country and I’m doing my best to live up to the values of the Army,” said Ange Samma, who currently serves on active duty as a soldier in South Korea and is one of the six named plaintiffs in this case. “It’s been frustrating and heartbreaking not to obtain my citizenship as promised, but I will continue to honor my commitment. It’s what I would expect any American soldier to do.”

Non-citizen enlistment is integral to maintaining U.S. military readiness. Under the “Military Accessions Vital to the National Interest” policy, established under President George W. Bush, the military recruited non-citizens with essential skills, such as medical training or knowledge of foreign languages and cultures. About 30% of MAVNI recruits have been assigned to Special Operations units due to their language abilities, which facilitate operations in territories with few English speakers.

UPDATE: In August 2020, the court ruled in our favor, certifying the case as a class action and issuing a permanent injunction ordering the Pentagon to process all certificates of honorable service within 30 days after a servicemember requests one, so that servicemembers’ naturalizations can move forward. The government appealed.

The appeal was held in abeyance for nearly four years while the Biden administration considered policy changes. Meanwhile, after a glitchy start, the military was abiding by the injunction. When no policy changes were forthcoming by summer 2024 we asked the court of appeals hear the case, which was argued in January 2025. By that time there were no members left in the class, and we asked the court to dismiss the case as moot. In May 2025 the court of appeals did so, vacating the lower court’s decision and remanding the case with instructions to dismiss it as moot.

You can read an ACLU blog about the case here.