ACLU Sues Federal Officers for Violent Abduction of Lawful Immigrant During January ICE Operations

PORTLAND – The ACLU today filed a lawsuit against federal immigration agents who violated a Portland, Maine resident’s civil rights during “Operation Catch of the Day.” Agents racially profiled, violently arrested, and unlawfully detained Juan Sebastián Carvajal-Muñoz, violating his Fourth and Fifth Amendment rights. The lawsuit could reaffirm an important legal avenue for holding federal officials accountable under state law.

On Jan. 22, 2026, Mr. Carvajal-Muñoz was abducted by federal immigration agents while driving to work in Portland, Maine. Agents in an unmarked SUV with Minnesota plates, some of whom were masked, abruptly cut in front of Carvajal-Muñoz, surrounded his vehicle, and demanded he show his paperwork. He showed his REAL ID through the window and reached for his phone to call for help and record the interaction. (REAL IDs are only given to non-citizens who have lawful status.)

Even though Mr. Carvajal-Muñoz complied and posed no safety threat, agents smashed his window with a crowbar, dragged him out of the car at taser-point, handcuffed him, and placed him in the unmarked SUV. Agents left his car running in the middle of the street with the door open, his keys and bag in the open vehicle, and his phone on the street. Carvajal-Muñoz was afraid for his life, especially after seeing what had happened to Renée Good in Minnesota two weeks before.

“Federal agents came to Maine and terrorized entire communities, just as they have done throughout the country,” said Juan Sebastián Carvajal-Muñoz. “All people should be free to move about their communities safely, knowing they will not be violently arrested by masked agents simply for driving while Latino. I came to Maine to study engineering and work hard. Even though I followed all the rules, federal agents targeted me based on my race. I hope this case can prevent agents from violating other people’s constitutional rights so the United States can fulfill its promise of being a beacon of freedom, opportunity, and safety for all people.”

Agents targeted Carvajal-Muñoz based on his race or ethnicity and had no legal basis for the stop and arrest, which violated his Fourth and Fifth Amendment rights. When agents stopped Carvajal-Muñoz, the only information they had about him was his appearance and the fact that the vehicle was registered in his name. Agents refused to examine additional documents in Carvajal-Muñoz’s possession proving his legal status.

Over the next 16 hours, agents physically and psychologically harmed Mr. Carvajal-Munoz. He was placed in shackles and moved between various unmarked vehicles and locations in Maine and Massachusetts, alongside other detainees, all of whom were people of color. At one point, agents engaged in what appeared to be a cruel "joke," pretending to return him to Portland, only to take him to an ICE facility in Burlington, MA.

See a detailed timeline of events here.

The lawsuit asserts that federal agents violated Mr. Carvajal-Muñoz’s Fourth and Fifth Amendment rights by racially profiling and stopping him with no reasonable suspicion of wrongdoing, unlawfully arresting him, using excessive force, and unjustifiably prolonging his detention. The suit seeks to hold federal agents accountable under the Maine Civil Rights Act.

The Maine Civil Rights Act allows people to bring claims for violations of federal law by federal officers. Specifically, it affords a cause of action for violations of “the rights secured by the United States Constitution” by “any person, whether or not acting under color of law.” While federal law mandates that claims against federal officials must generally be made against the United States, there is a crucial exception. The Westfall Act of 1988 preserves remedies in the form of “a civil action against an employee of the Government [] which is brought for a violation of the Constitution of the United States.”

This case could re-establish the right of people to bring claims against federal officers under state law. The Supreme Court allowed some types of actions for federal constitutional violations in its 1971 Bivens decision, but the court has sharply narrowed that in recent years. Reaffirming the ability to bring claims under state law could strengthen a crucial avenue for people to seek justice when the federal government violates their constitutional rights.

Mr. Carvajal-Muñoz is in the United States with a valid H1-B work visa valid through September 2027. He works as a civil engineer, doing foundation analyses for bridge construction projects across Maine. He earned his master’s degree in civil engineering from the University of Maine in May 2023, and he has been working at the same firm for two and a half years.

“The Constitution applies to everyone, and simply being a federal agent is not a license to operate outside the law,” said Carol Garvan, legal director for the ACLU of Maine. “The Maine Civil Rights Act protects all people’s constitutional rights from government officials’ abuses of power – whether they are local, state, or federal officials. We hope this case will strengthen paths for people to seek justice when federal officials violate their constitutional rights.”

"The abduction of Mr. Carvajal-Muñoz has made the weight of our Constitutional rights clear: no one is safe when federal agents can harm people without consequence," said Scott Michelman, legal director for the ACLU of the District of Columbia. "A right you can't enforce is a right in name only. We are asking the courts to make clear that federal agents do not have license to run roughshod over the Constitution."

“The law should provide a remedy for what happened to Mr. Carvajal-Muñoz,” said Matthew Segal, co-director of the ACLU’s State Supreme Court Initiative. “If federal law doesn’t, state law still can. And in Maine, it does.”

The case, Carvajal-Muñoz v. Ravencamp et. al., was brought on behalf of Juan Sebastián Carvajal-Muñoz by the ACLU of Maine, ACLU of the District of Columbia, the national ACLU’s State Supreme Court Initiative, Gideon Asen, and the Law Firm of James Wagner. The suit was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Maine.